One of the dangerous complications of cataract extractions is VITREOUS LOSS. The purpose of this stuy is to evaluate the INCIDENCE of VITREOUS LOSS and its sepuale while teaching residents at Rasoul Akram Hospital in Iran. This study has been conducted on existing records of 730 eyes which were subjectd to extracapsular cataract extractions by 3rd and 4th year, right handed resident of Rasoul Akram hospital. The information was taken from the records of patients who had VITREOUS LOSS during cataract surgery and the following data was extracted. The presence of any systemic diseases, phase of operation where VITREOUS LOSS occurred, vision on the next day, one month and 3 months later, the cause of low vision and any post operative sequale of the eye were evaluated. Extracted data collected and the prevalence of VITREOUS LOSS and its sequale were indentified and presented. Forty-nine eyes (6.7%) had VITREOUS LOSS, thirty-one of them were in the left eye (63.3%) and eighteen of them were in the right eye (36.7%). Regarding the stage of operation in which vitrous LOSS had occurred: twenty –eight eyes while nucleous delivery (57.7%) eighteen eyes during aspiration of cortical material (36.7%) and in three cases during IOL implantation. Five eyes had pseudoexfoliaton syndrome, four patients were diabetic and three had high myopia. Post operational sequale of these 49 eyes were: thirty-five with transient corneal edema (71.4%). Nine with misshaped pupils (18.9%), four with high astigmatism (8.1%), tow with cystoid macular edema (4%), two with retinal detachment (4%) and seven with cloudy VITREOUS. (14.3%). The INCIDENCE of VITREOUS LOSS is more than expected. More extensive research to evaluated the prognositc factors according to the eye (OD/OS) and the stage of the operation the leads to VITREOUS LOSS and to decrease its INCIDENCE is still needed.

This study was intruded to determine the INCIDENCE of VITREOUS LOSS (VL) at Khalili Hospital, Shiraz. 1025 cases were retrospectively studied and the results of VL rate were compared with those of her educational hospitals. 44 VITREOUS LOSSes were observed (4.3%) which seems to be acceptable.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing close-up diets with rumen undegradable protein on serum metabolites and the INCIDENCE of health disorders of Holstein dairy cows, during the hot season. Eighty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: low crude protein (14.3% CP; 14CP) and high crude protein (17.1% CP; 17CP) diets. Blood samples were collected weekly from d -30 up to calving and then at 0, 5, 14, and 21 days after calving, for serum metabolites determination.  Cows fed the 17CP diet had higher serum concentrations of albumin, blood urea nitogen, and Mg than 14CP cows during the close-up period. In postpartum, the 17CP cows had higher serum albumin and creatinine and lower free fatty acid, BHB, and glucose concentrations than the 14CP cows. The risk to developing subclinical ketosis (SCK), metritis and endometritis were higher for the 14CP cows than the 17CP cows. Overall, feeding high rumen undegradable protein diet to close-up cows during the hot season increased serum creatinine concentrations and lowered the INCIDENCE of SCK and metritis and endometritis postpartum.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission LOSS in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission LOSS in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy LOSS coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission LOSS in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

Introduction. VITREOUS LOSS (VL) is one of the most serious ocular complications during cataract surgery without correct management may causes other serious complications and sometimes visual LOSS. By selecting the correct method of anesthesia (general or local anesthesia) it is possible to reduce the INCIDENCE of this complication and consequent events. The aim of this research is to determine the INCIDENCE of VL in cataract surgery with local and general anesthesia and comparing them with each other.Methods. This survey was conducted in 210 patients over 40 years old who had been operated for cataract surgery. Subjects were randomized in two groups (general vs local anesthesia). There is no premeditations in anyone.Findings. The INCIDENCE of VL in general and local anesthesia was 3.6 and 9.1 percent, respectively (P<0.05). The groups were similar with respect to demographic data and potential confounding variables.Conclusion. The INCIDENCE of VITREOUS LOSS during cataract surgery under local anesthesia is more than general anesthesia. If general anesthesia is contraindicated, it is better to use sedative drugs during local anesthesia for cataract surgery to prevent VITREOUS LOSS.

Purpose: To determine the rate and risk factors of VITREOUS LOSS during phacoemulsification in patients with cataracts operated by ophthalmology residents and fellows at Labbafinejad Medical Center.Methods: This prospective descriptive study included consecutive patients with cataracts undergoing phacoemulsification over a one year period. All patients were operated under local or general anesthesia using the divide and conquer technique.Preoperatively, all patients underwent a complete ocular examination including measurement of visual acuity, slitlamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, and dilated funduscopy. Main outcome measures included the rate of posterior capsular rupture and VITREOUS LOSS as well as associated risk factors such as surgical experience, ocular and systemic conditions, and type and severity of the cataract.Results: Overall, 767 eyes of 767 patients with mean age of 63.7±10.3 (range, 25-91) years were operated. The overall rate of VITREOUS LOSS was 7.9% which was 5-fold greater in the hands of residents as compared to fellows. Among different factors, older age, female sex, small pupil, small capsulorrhexis, presence of pseudoexfoliation, and high myopia were significantly associated with VITREOUS LOSS. The highest rate of VITREOUS LOSS occurred in patients with dense nuclear cataracts.Conclusion: Considering the higher rate of VITREOUS LOSS in patients operated by ophthalmology residents; patients with known risk factors for VITREOUS LOSS should better be operated by more experienced surgeons.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and complications of phacoemulsification surgery in patients with and without VITREOUS LOSS (VL).Methods: A historical cohort study was performed on patients attending Labbafinejad Hospital who had underwent phacoemulsification surgery and was complicated by VL from April 2006 to March 2007. A control group was selected randomly from patients with uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery during the same period. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and posterior segment complications of phacoemulsification surgery were compared between these two groups using SPSS 15. Results: The VL group included 70 cases; among them, BCVA was 20/40 or better in 39 (56%) cases. Seventy nine patients entered the control group; of whom, BCVA was 20/40 or better in 62 (78%) cases (P<0.001). In the VL group, 4 patients developed cystoid macular edema (CME) and 6 patients developed clinically significant macular edema (CSME) while in the control group only 2 patients developed CME (P<0.05). Furthermore, 4 patients developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the VL group while there were no cases of RRD in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: VITREOUS LOSS during phacoemulsification surgery reduced postoperative BCVA significantly. The rate of postoperative CME and RRD was also significantly higher with this condition.